Nigeria–U.S. Relations: The Wisdom of Sheba

By Adamu S. Ladan

The Qur’an recounts a timeless story that offers profound insight into leadership, diplomacy, and the delicate balance of power. The story of the Queen of Sheba—Bilqis—narrated in Surah An-Naml (Chapter 27, Verses 22–44), stands out vividly in this respect.

When Prophet-King Solomon (Sulaiman, peace be upon him) sent her a message inviting her to submit to the worship of Allah, the Queen faced a defining choice. She could react with pride and confrontation, or she could act with wisdom and tact.

The Qur’an records her measured response:
“She said, ‘O chiefs, advise me in this matter. I would not decide a matter until you are present with me.’” — Qur’an 27:32
After consulting her advisers, some of whom urged war, her wisdom prevailed. She cautioned against the devastating consequences of confrontation, saying:
“She said, ‘Indeed, when kings enter a city, they ruin it and make the most honorable of its people humiliated. And thus do they do.’” — Qur’an 27:34

In these words lies a timeless principle of diplomacy: the recognition that war, defiance, or reckless confrontation seldom leaves a nation unscathed. Instead, the Queen chose dialogue and understanding. Her tactful approach preserved her sovereignty, safeguarded her people, and ultimately earned her the respect of Prophet Solomon and a place in divine history as a leader of wisdom.

This Qur’anic lesson is profoundly relevant to Nigeria today, as it navigates a period of diplomatic unease with the United States under President Trump, particularly as the country’s leadership faces a preponderance of counsel from diverse directions.

Like the Queen of Sheba, Nigeria faces a test of leadership and strategy—how to engage with global powers without compromising national pride or sovereignty.

History offers ample proof that confrontation with superpowers, when not anchored in sound strategy, often leads to devastating consequences. Libya stands as a tragic warning. Once among Africa’s most prosperous nations, its leadership’s decision to defy the West without adequate diplomatic calculation plunged it into chaos. Today, Libya remains a fractured state, its sovereignty diluted and its people dispersed in turmoil.
Sudan’s story follows a similar path. Years of isolation, sanctions, and rigid posturing over negotiable issues eroded its economic foundations and led to its eventual partition. The result was instability and weakened national cohesion.

Beyond Africa, the experiences of Afghanistan and Iraq further illustrate how unchecked confrontation can lead to endless conflict and humanitarian disaster. Both nations chose confrontation over calibrated diplomacy, and paid with decades of instability and ruin.

Nigeria must not walk this path. As Africa’s largest democracy and economic powerhouse, it should emulate the Queen of Sheba’s wisdom that is, balancing firmness with foresight, and independence with engagement. Our diplomacy must remain rooted in mutual respect, open dialogue, and the pursuit of national interest.

The world, as many pundits have observed, is witnessing a new scramble for Africa, with the United States, China, and Russia competing for influence and access to resources. In this global chase, Nigeria must adopt a non-aligned diplomacy of interest—working with all partners on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. The goal should not be to take sides, but to take strategic advantage, of opportunities that serve Nigeria’s development.

Like the Queen of Sheba, Nigeria must remember that true strength lies not in defiance, but in discretion; not in isolation, but in intelligent engagement. To preserve sovereignty in a world of competing powers, nations must lead with wisdom, not impulse.

In the end, the lesson of Bilqis endures: nations that act with wisdom secure both peace and respect, while those driven by pride or provocation court peril.

As Nigeria steers its foreign relations amidst today’s turbulent global order, it must therefore draw from this well of timeless truth, that diplomacy, guided by wisdom, is the surest path to enduring strength and stability.